By : Wawan Kurniawan
Anxiety disorder is a mental health disorder characterized
by excessive feelings of worry, anxiety, and fear. Feeling anxious or nervous
is a natural thing for everyone to feel when faced with certain situations that
are considered uncomfortable. However, people with anxiety disorders tend to
feel feelings of fear and anxiety excessively to interfere with daily
activities. People with anxiety disorders will usually feel worried about
various things, even when they are in normal situations.
There are
several types of anxiety disorders, including:
1. Generalized anxiety disorder
A person
suffering from generalized anxiety disorder can feel anxious or excessively
worried about various things, from work, health, to simple things, such as
interacting with other people. This anxiety disorder can appear every day and
interfere with activities. In addition to anxiety, people with a generalized
anxiety disorder will also usually feel nausea, headaches, difficulty concentrating,
shortness of breath, insomnia, easy tiredness, and tension.
2. Social Anxiety Disorder
People with
social anxiety disorder have a tremendous sense of anxiety or fear of the
social environment in which they have to interact with other people. These
things make the sufferer always try to avoid situations that require him to
meet or interact with many people.
3. Phobia
A phobia is a
type of anxiety disorder that causes sufferers to have an excessive fear of
certain objects, animals, or situations. Everyone has different phobias
depending on the type of trauma they have experienced. People who have a phobia
may experience panic attacks or intense fear when they see the thing that
triggers the phobia.
4. PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder)
Post-traumatic
stress disorder or PTSD can occur in someone who has experienced a traumatic
event. For example, someone who has been a victim of an earthquake or accident,
then he survived. People who suffer from PTSD often find it difficult to forget
the traumatic experience. These feelings then make him feel guilty, isolated,
and difficult to socialize with other people. Sometimes, people who have PTSD
can also experience insomnia and even depression.
5. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
People who
suffer from OCD tend to do things over and over again to relieve the anxiety
that comes from their minds. For example, when you are anxious, you always wash
your hands more than 3 times because you always feel that your hands are still
dirty. This disorder is difficult to control, is persistent, and can recur at
any time.
6. Panic Disorder
People with
panic disorder usually feel afraid and panic for no apparent reason. Anxiety
and panic attacks due to this disorder can appear at any time and occur
suddenly. When panic disorder appears, sufferers can usually feel some other
symptoms, such as palpitations, cold sweats, dizziness, shortness of breath,
body shaking, and feeling weak.
Who is at Risk for Anxiety Disorders?
A mix of genetic and environmental factors
can increase a person's risk for developing an anxiety disorder. However, some
people with the following conditions have a high risk of developing this
disorder, such as:
1. Having certain personality traits, such as shyness or
behavioral inhibition. Feeling uncomfortable and always avoiding unfamiliar
people, situations, or environments.
2. A stressful or traumatic event in childhood or early
adulthood.
3. Family history of anxiety or other mental health conditions.
4. Certain physical conditions, including thyroid problems
and heart arrhythmias (unusual heart rhythms).
Anxiety
disorders are more common in women. Researchers are still studying why that
happens. This may come from female hormones, especially those that fluctuate
throughout the month. The hormone testosterone may also play a role in which
men have more, thereby reducing anxiety. As already
explained, feeling anxious is a natural thing and is not always interpreted as
bad. However, the thing to watch out for is when feelings of anxiety continue
to appear even though the triggering factor has disappeared. In this case,
you should suspect an anxiety disorder. If feelings of anxiety appear
excessively to interfere with activities, do not hesitate to ask a psychologist
or psychiatrist for help to overcome them.
Symptoms or Characteristics of Anxiety Disorder
A person
suffering from this disorder usually has symptoms or characteristics that vary
depending on the type of disorder experienced. However, common symptoms of an
anxiety disorder include:
Physiological Symptoms
• cold or sweating
• Dry mouth
• Heart palpitations
• Nauseous
• Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet
• Muscle tension
• Hard to
breathe
Mental Symptoms:
• Feeling panicky, afraid, and restless
• Nightmare
• Recurrent thoughts or flashbacks of traumatic experiences
• Uncontrollable obsessive thoughts
Behavioral symptoms:
• Inability to be still and calm
• Ritualistic behavior, such as washing hands repeatedly
• Difficulty sleeping